Vehicle Code section 436.1

An “off-highway electric motorcycle,” commonly referred to as an eMoto, is an off-highway motorcycle subject to identification under this code that meets all of the following requirements:

(a)

Is designed by the manufacturer for operation primarily off the highway.

(b)

Is powered by an electric motor for which a motor number is not required.

(c)

Has handlebars for steering control.

(d)

Has a straddle seat provided by the manufacturer.

(e)

Has two wheels.

(f)

Is not equipped with pedals from the manufacturer.

Source: Section 436.1, https://leginfo.­legislature.­ca.­gov/faces/codes_displaySection.­xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=436.­1.­ (updated Jan. 1, 2026; accessed Dec. 8, 2025).

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Verified:
Dec. 8, 2025

§ 436.1's source at ca​.gov