CA Civ Code Section 45a

A libel which is defamatory of the plaintiff without the necessity of explanatory matter, such as an inducement, innuendo or other extrinsic fact, is said to be a libel on its face. Defamatory language not libelous on its face is not actionable unless the plaintiff alleges and proves that he has suffered special damage as a proximate result thereof. Special damage is defined in Section 48a of this code.

Source: Section 45a, https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV§ionNum=45a..

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45a
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48a
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[50.]
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Last Updated

Aug. 19, 2023

§ 45a’s source at ca.gov

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Location: https://california.public.law/codes/ca_civ_code_section_45a

Original Source: Section 45a, https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV§ionNum=45a. (last accessed Aug. 19, 2023).