Penal Code section 689

No person can be convicted of a public offense unless by verdict of a jury, accepted and recorded by the court, by a finding of the court in a case where a jury has been waived, or by a plea of guilty.

Source: Section 689, https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN§ionNum=689. (updated Jan. 1, 1951; accessed Sep. 7, 2026).

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Up to date

Verified:
Sep. 7, 2026

§ 689's source at ca.gov

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Location: https://california.public.law/codes/penal_code_section_689

Original Source: Section 689, https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN§ionNum=689. (last accessed May 12, 2025).