Government Code section 82031

“Independent expenditure” means an expenditure made by any person, including a payment of public moneys by a state or local governmental agency, in connection with a communication which expressly advocates the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate or the qualification, passage or defeat of a clearly identified measure, or taken as a whole and in context, unambiguously urges a particular result in an election but which is not made to or at the behest of the affected candidate or committee.

Source: Section 82031, https://leginfo.­legislature.­ca.­gov/faces/codes_displaySection.­xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=82031.­ (updated Jan. 1, 2010; accessed Jul. 21, 2025).

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Verified:
Jul. 21, 2025

§ 82031's source at ca​.gov