Family Code section 12

“Shall” is mandatory and “may” is permissive. “Shall not” and “may not” are prohibitory.

Source: Section 12, https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=FAM§ionNum=12. (updated Jan. 1, 1994; accessed Sep. 1, 2025).

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Verified:
Sep. 1, 2025

§ 12's source at ca.gov

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Location: https://california.public.law/codes/family_code_section_12

Original Source: Section 12, https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=FAM§ionNum=12. (last accessed May 12, 2025).