Evidence Code section 1452

A seal is presumed to be genuine and its use authorized if it purports to be the seal of:

(a)

The United States or a department, agency, or public employee of the United States.

(b)

A public entity in the United States or a department, agency, or public employee of such public entity.

(c)

A nation recognized by the executive power of the United States or a department, agency, or officer of such nation.

(d)

A public entity in a nation recognized by the executive power of the United States or a department, agency, or officer of such public entity.

(e)

A court of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction.

(f)

A notary public within any state of the United States.

Source: Section 1452, https://leginfo.­legislature.­ca.­gov/faces/codes_displaySection.­xhtml?lawCode=EVID§ionNum=1452.­ (updated Jan. 1, 1965; accessed Jun. 16, 2025).

Green check means up to date. Up to date

Verified:
Jun. 16, 2025

§ 1452's source at ca​.gov