Commercial Code section 9331

(a)

This division does not limit the rights of a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated, a protected purchaser of a security, or a qualifying purchaser of a controllable account, controllable electronic record, or controllable payment intangible. These holders or purchasers take priority over an earlier security interest, even if perfected, to the extent provided in Division 3 (commencing with Section 3101), Division 7 (commencing with Section 7101), Division 8 (commencing with Section 8101), and Division 12 (commencing with Section 12101).

(b)

This division does not limit the rights of or impose liability on a person to the extent that the person is protected against the assertion of a claim under Division 8 (commencing with Section 8101) and Division 12 (commencing with Section 12101).

(c)

Filing under this division does not constitute notice of a claim or defense to the holders, purchasers, or persons described in subdivisions (a) and (b).

Source: Section 9331, https://leginfo.­legislature.­ca.­gov/faces/codes_displaySection.­xhtml?lawCode=COM§ionNum=9331.­ (updated Jan. 1, 2024; accessed Jun. 25, 2025).

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Verified:
Jun. 25, 2025

§ 9331's source at ca​.gov