Code of Civil Procedure section 1718

(a)

If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought as an original matter, the issue of recognition shall be raised by filing an action seeking recognition of the foreign-country judgment.

(b)

If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought in a pending action, the issue of recognition may be raised by counterclaim, cross-claim, or affirmative defense.

Source: Section 1718, https://leginfo.­legislature.­ca.­gov/faces/codes_displaySection.­xhtml?lawCode=CCP§ionNum=1718.­ (updated Jan. 1, 2008; accessed Jun. 25, 2025).

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Verified:
Jun. 25, 2025

§ 1718's source at ca​.gov