Civil Code section 659

Land is the material of the earth, whatever may be the ingredients of which it is composed, whether soil, rock, or other substance, and includes free or occupied space for an indefinite distance upwards as well as downwards, subject to limitations upon the use of airspace imposed, and rights in the use of airspace granted, by law.

Source: Section 659, https://leginfo.­legislature.­ca.­gov/faces/codes_displaySection.­xhtml?lawCode=CIV§ionNum=659.­ (updated Jan. 1, 1963; accessed Oct. 20, 2025).

Green check means up to date. Up to date

Verified:
Oct. 20, 2025

§ 659's source at ca​.gov